[填空题]
The bolts on the cylinder heapf5.gm,e k-;j x(uch:5fn k msd of an engi1q,/d rcngu x.ne require tightening to a torque of 38 qd.nuxr/c1 ,g $m \cdot N$ If a wrench is 28 cm long, what force perpendicular to the wrench must the mechanic exert at its end? N If the six-sided bolt head is 15 mm in diameter, estimate the force applied near each of the six points by a socket wrench (Fig. 8–41). N